古梦（汉英版）

暗香疏影 · 发表于 2003-12-16 16:46

★蚕房  Silkworm Raising
   养蚕缫丝是中国古代的伟大发明之一，距今5000多年前，中国人已开始利用蚕丝织造丝织品。
   The technique of reeling silk from silkworm cocoons was one of the great inventions in ancient China. Five thousand years ago, Chinese people began to use silk filaments reeled from cocoons to produce silk items.

★纺织  Textile Spinning and Weaving
   中国机具纺织起源于五千年前新石器时期的纺轮和腰机。西周时期具有传统性能的简单机械缫车、纺车、织机相继出现，汉代广泛使用提花机、斜织机，唐以后中国纺织机械日趋完善，大大促进了纺织业的发展。
   Textile spinning and weaving using machinery in China originated from the spinning wheel  in  the  Neolithic  Age.  In  the Western Zhou period,  the  spinning  wheel  was  further  developed, and led to the invention of sophisticated spinning and weaving machines. In the Han Dynasty, the jacquard loom and cruise loom were widely  used.  In  the  Tang  Dynasty,  textile  spinning  and weaving developed as a full-scale industry.

★四大名绣  Four Famous Types of Embroidery

   苏、湘、蜀、粤四大名绣。苏绣以绣工精细、针法活泼、图案秀丽、色彩典雅著称。
   Four main types of embroidery emerged - Su embroidery  (produced  in  the  City of Suzhou), Xiang embroidery  (produced in Hunan Province), Shu  embroidery  (produced in Sichuan Province), and  Yue  embroidery (produced  in Guangdong Province). Su embroidery is famous for its fine workmanship, beautiful pictures and elegant colors, and is rated as the best of the four types.

★蜀锦机  Sichuan Figured Satin Loom
      蜀锦机属提花机的一种，可织造多种图样花纹。
      This machine  was the forerunner of the jacquard loom。

★织布表演  Cloth Weaving
   春秋（公元前770——476年）时期，中国已使用脚踏织机。
   As  early  as  in  the  Spring  and Autumn Period（770-476 B.C.）, China had begun to use the pedal loom, which was driven by manpower.

★金缕玉衣  Replica of Jade Burial Clothes
      此金缕玉衣为公元前113年西汉中山靖王刘胜墓随葬品的复制品。玉衣由2498片小玉片组成，每片玉片都磨光钻孔，钻孔直径约1毫米，用镀金丝连接而成，反映了当时设计水平和精湛加工技术。
      The  jade  burial suit  was excavated from the mausoleum  of  Liu Sheng,  ruler  of  the  State  of Zhongshan. It is composed of 2,498 pieces of jade, sewn together with gold thread.

★双面绣  Double-Sided Embroidery
   双面绣是刺绣中的珍品，通过巧妙的构思、精湛的技术达到同工异面之效。
   Double-sided embroidery is characterized by ingenious composition and exquisite craftsmanship.

¤ 陶瓷展区 ¤

★“中国‘原始瓷’的诞生”展版 The Birth of Archetype Chinese Porcelain
商周(公元前16世纪——前256年)时期，“原始瓷器”用高岭土为原料，烧成温度在1200℃以上，质地坚硬，吸水性弱，表面涂青绿色釉，已具备瓷器的基本特征。
In the Shang and Zhou dynasties, China's archetypal porcelain came into being. It used kaolin as the material, and its burning temperature was up to 1200 degrees C, giving it a hard quality and strong water absorption ability. The predominant surface color was blue.

★景德镇制瓷作坊    Reproduction of a Jingdezhen Porcelain Kiln
      景德镇以产瓷闻名于世，享有“瓷都”之称。元代以后，景德镇渐执全国瓷业之牛耳。图为仿清代景德镇制瓷作坊。
      Jingdezhen  has  been  famous  for  its porcelain since the Yuan Dynasty, and enjoys the reputation of being the "porcelain capital" of China. Here we can see a reproduction of a Jingdezhen porcelain kiln as it would have looked during the Qing Dynasty.

★印坯表演  Technological Process of Adobe Making
   制坯工艺分为：拉坯、印坯、晾坯、利坯、画瓷、荡釉等几个环节。图为拉坯表演。
   Workmanship  of  adobe making include several procedures, such as abode making, engraving, drying, painting, and glazing etc. The picture presents adobe making.

★清代“景德镇窑”局部模型 Partial Model of a Jingdezhen Kiln of the Qing Dynasty
明（公元1368—1644年）末清（公元1644—1911年）初，出现著名窑形——“景德镇窑”，据其外形又称“蛋形窑”。它的出现将窑炉的构筑、烧炼技术推向新水平。
At the end of Ming Dynasty and t he beginning of the Qing Dynasty, there appeared the famous Jingdezhen kiln, which, from its external outline, was also called an "egg kiln". It pushed the technology of kiln firing and smelting to a new level.

★北宋馒头窑 Model of a Bun Kiln of the Northern Song Dynasty
宋代（公元960——1279年），一种“全倒焰式馒头窑”，窑温可达1300℃。
In the Song Dynasty（960-1279）, a kind of bun-type kiln with upside-down flames appeared. The kiln temperature could reach up to 1300 degrees C.

★宋代龙窑 Model of a Dragon Kiln of the Song Dynasty
战国（公元前1475——前221年）至秦汉，“龙窑”依山而建，多为长条斜坡形，犹如火龙自上而下，故而得名。
Dragon kilns were usually constructed against mountain slopes, looking like long dragons, hence the name. From the Spring and Autumn Period(1475-221 B.C.) to the Han Dynasty, dragon kilns made possible the birth of standard porcelains.

★异彩纷呈的瓷器 Colorful Porcelains
宋代是中国瓷器发展的高峰期，名窑辈出，争奇斗艳。当时最著名的有定、汝、官、哥、钧五大名窑，产品各具特色，显示了宋代制瓷工艺的卓越成就。
The Song Dynasty was a golden age for Chinese porcelain development, and famous kilns appeared one after another. The most famous kilns at that time were the Ding kiln, Ru kiln, Guan kiln, Ge kiln and Jun kiln. They all had their own characteristics, and contributed to the remarkable achievements made in porcelain production technology during the Song Dynasty.

★红陶陶器 Display of Pottery

¤ 中国医药展区 ¤
★针灸铜人 Replica of Bronze Acupuncture Model
北宋（公元960——1127）医学家王惟一创制。铜人体表刻有14经络、354俞穴位置及名称，作为对针灸的教授、学习、考试之用。
This model for teaching acupuncture was created by Northern Song （960-1127）scientist Wang Weiyi. On the body of the bronze man are located the 14 channels and collaterals, and the 354 positions of the acupuncture points with their names.

暗香疏影 · 发表于 2003-12-16 16:49

★铜壶滴漏 Copper Kettle Clepsydra
漏刻是一种古老的计时仪器。通过漏壶水面的高低，由箭刻标示时间。本件为元代1316年所制浮箭式漏壶复制件。
The clepsydra is an old instrument for calculation of time, originating in the later part of the Neolithic Age. The water level marked by an arrow in the kettle indicates the change of time. The water clock displayed here is a replicate of an arrow-marked water clock made in 1316 in the Yuan Dynasty.

★水运仪象台 Model of Water-Driven Astronomical Clock Tower
北宋科学家苏颂于公元1088年研制水运仪象台。以水为动力，集浑仪、浑象、报时装置于一体，是世界上最早的天文钟。
Su Song, a scientist of the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127), directed the research and manufacture of the water-driven astronomical clock tower. Using water power and having all the functions of the armillary sphere, it was the first astronomical clock in the world.

★赤道式日晷 Equatorial Sundial
风行于南宋（公元1127--1279年）时期赤道日晷是一种古老的天文仪器，利用日照时指针投影的位置表示时间。
The sundial shows the time by indicating the movement of the sun as the shadow of the pointer moves. The equatorial sundial became popular in the Southern Song Dynasty(1127--1279) .

★登封测景台Model of Dengfeng Astronomical Observatory
元代天文学家郭守敬于公元1279年设计建造的中国现存最早的天文台。

This observatory was located in Dengfeng County, Henan Province, and（1279） was built by Guo Shoujing of the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368). It is the oldest astronomical observatory still extant.

★侯风地动仪 Model of Zhang Heng's Seismograph
公元132年张衡发明制造侯风地动仪是世界上第一台感知地震的仪器。地动仪利用惯性原理、以摆和杠杆机械为主的结构模式，测定地震和方向。

This seismograph was invented by Zhang Heng in A.D.132,as the world's first instrument to sense earthquakes.It used the principle of inertia, using pendulum and lever mechanics.

☆简仪模型 Model of Abridged Armilla
元代科学家郭守敬于1276年创制的简仪，是当时世界上最先进的天文观测仪器。
The abridged armilla made by Guo Shoujing of the Yuan Dynasty in 1276. It was the most advanced astronomical observation instrument in the world at that time. to display the scientific and technological achievements in ancient China. This exhibition does not present the whole picture of science and technology in ancient China, but shows enough to encourage later generations to inherit the past achievements and look forward to the future to create more.

☆浑仪模型 Model of Armillary Sphere
浑仪是中国古代测定天体位置的仪器，发明于战国时期（公元前475--公元前221年），唐宋时期趋于完善。
The armillary sphere was an instrument used to measure the location of celestial bodies in ancient China. It was first invented in the Warring States Period(475 - 221 B.C.), and was improved.

★万户飞天模型    Model of Wang Hu's Rocket
   十四世纪中国人万户利用火箭的反冲力和风筝上升的力量做升空实验，被誉为人类航天史上第一“飞人”。
   In the 14th century, Wang Hu experimented with gunpowder-propelled rockets, making him a pioneer of aeronautics.

¤ 造纸印刷术展区 ¤
★造纸表演 Chinese Paper-Making Technique Spreads Worldwide
自汉代以后，中国造纸术不断改进，明代宋应星于公元1637年著《天工开物》，书中对古代造纸工艺进行总结。图为仿四川夹江造纸工序中“抄纸”的表演。
Since the Han Dynasty, the technology of paper making has been improving continuously, Song Yingxin of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) summarized the technology of paper-making in his book "Exploitation of the Works of Nature". The picture here is a demonstration of "dipping paper" as used in Jiajiang County, Sichuan Province.

★农业机械  Agricultural  Mechanics
   西汉（公元前206——公元23年）初年，农耕工具的发明促进了中国农业的发展。展出农具有：耕、犁、耧车、扇车、翻车等。
   In  early  years  of  the Western  Han Dynasty, agriculture  was  already  well  advanced.  The  farm tools displayed here are a hand plow, animal-drawn seed plow, winnower, waterwheel, etc.

★记里鼓车 estoration of an Ancient Odometer
东汉（公元25-220年）出现记里鼓车。每行驶一里路，木人自动击鼓一次，因此而得名。车内装有一套具有减速作用的传动齿轮，是近代里程表和减速装置的先驱。
This device appeared in the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220). Every mile the carriage traveled, the wooden figure would beat the drum once. A set of gears connected the wheels of the carriage with the wooden drummer, on the same principle as that of the modern automobile odometer.

★商代古战车 Model of an Ancient Chariot

暗香疏影 · 发表于 2003-12-16 16:51

★屯溪磨房 Model of Tunxi Mill
明代（公元1368——1644年）初年，在安徽屯溪出现的一组综合性谷物加工机械。以流水冲击转轮带动石碓、石磨工作。
In the early Ming Dynasty（1368-1644）, a highly-efficient water-powered device for milling grain was installed in Tunxi County, Anhui Province.

¤ 建筑展区 ¤

★佛宫寺释加塔 Model of the Sakyamuni Pagoda at the Temple of the Buddha's Palace
此塔建于辽1056年，位于山西应县，俗称“应县木塔”。是我国现存唯一的木塔。其体形高大，结构复杂，轮廓优美，是中国古代木构建筑的代表作。
This pagoda was built in 1056, during the Liao Dynasty. It is located in Ying County, Shanxi Province. It is the tallest ancient wood pagoda in the world, and the only extant wooden pagoda in China.

★《清明上河图》 "

ure Brightness Festival on the River"
北宋(公元960——1127年)张择端绘画，图高24．8厘米，横528．7厘米，描绘了清明时节汴河一带的风光，再现了河南北宋都城汴梁（今开封）的城市街景和建筑形式。作者以手卷形式，推移视点取景，落笔兼工带写，着色典雅清淡，成为艺术上的珍品。
Zhang Zeduang of the Northern Song Dynasty created this scroll picture. It is 24.8 cm high and 528.7 cm wide. It shows the scenes along the Bianhe River at Bianliang, capital of Northern Song, on the occasion of the annual Pure Brightness Festival.

★木榫卯残木  Wooden Joggle and Mortise
   浙江余姚河姆渡遗址出土，距今已有七千年历史。
   This evidence of ancient architectural skill was excavated from the  Hemudu  Ruins in Yuyao County, Zhejiang Province, and dates back some 7,000 years.

★斗拱  Model of a Bucket Arch
      斗拱是中国传统建筑上的特有构件，从二千多年前就开始使用了。
      The role of the bucket arch is to pass the weight of the roof to columns, and in the same time it has a certain esthetic value.

★明清琉璃构件  Imitation Colored Glaze
      琉璃构件是中国古建筑中重要的装饰材料，琉璃工艺出现于战国（公元前475—221年）时期。
      Colored  glaze  was an  important decoration material in traditional Chinese architecture. The art of making  and  applying  colored  glaze appeared in the Warring States Period(475-221 B.C.).

¤ 指南针展区 ¤
★缕悬法指南示意模型 Conceptual Model of Suspended Compass
沈括于公元十一世纪著《梦溪笔谈》记载四种指南法，其中缕悬法指南“取新纩中独茧缕，以芥子许蜡缀于针腰，无风处悬之”。
The "Sketchbook of Dream Brook" by Shen Kuo has the following entry: ``Take a single silk thread from new cocoon, wax it and tie it around the middle of a needle. Suspend the needle in a place sheltered from the wind." The needle would act as a compass.

苏小小小 · 发表于 2003-12-16 17:45

我来帮姐姐顶一顶！
姐姐！我真佩服你的耐心咯，不过很好！俺们论坛就需要你这样的人才！

琴悦画音 · 发表于 2003-12-17 14:33

对景德镇，苏绣，还有蚕桑知道的多一些，真是好贴。
谢谢小影了，偶学习：）

榕儿 · 发表于 2003-12-18 09:50

真是好帖子
让我们学到了好多东西
辛苦小影了
此帖该精

蝶舞清狂 · 发表于 2003-12-18 14:23

汲取中华文化之精粹
兼顾英文水平地提高
两不耽误，好！

蓝色忧郁 · 发表于 2003-12-18 19:53

赞啊赞啊香JJ~：）

独钓寒江雪 · 发表于 2003-12-20 00:33

汉语我看明白了，E文写的啥子?
不过很是精美呢,辛苦了

秋影残雪 · 发表于 2003-12-20 22:56

这个帖子真不错，学到很多~~~~

画影 · 发表于 2004-1-11 15:08

悠远历史长知识
丝绸的东东好PP的说~~

紫啸气 · 发表于 2004-1-14 19:38

学习的好帖

		自动登录	找回密码
密码			注册