古埃及迷情

淡月咏梅 · 发表于 2007-8-3 08:21

从古埃及文明的遗物看来，首饰的使用相当广泛。社会上的各个阶层，上至法老，下到平民，生者死者，人人都佩戴首饰，甚至连神兽也不例外。 <IMG alt="" src="http://www.aigu.com.cn/upload/20076131612449529.jpg" border=0> 古埃及法老、贵族的首饰多用贵重金属和半宝石制成，那是当时人们喜爱的材料。 <IMG alt="" src="http://www.aigu.com.cn/upload/20076131613578482.jpg" border=0> 　　埃及国内盛产黄金，白银则十分稀有，而金银合金较为耐用，故贵重金属主要指金银的合金。半宝石是指介于宝石和石头之间的各种色彩斑斓的矿石，如绿长石、绿松石、孔雀石、石榴石、玉髓、青金石等。平常百姓所戴的首饰一般用釉料制成，通常以石英砂为坯，再饰以玻璃状的碱性釉料，也可在石子上涂釉彩而成。 <IMG alt="" src="http://www.aigu.com.cn/upload/200761316142618255.jpg" border=0> 　　古埃及首饰其蕴含的象征意义 古埃及制作首饰的材料多具有仿天然色彩，取其蕴含的象征意义： 金是太阳的颜色，而太阳是生命的源泉 银代表月亮，也是制造神像骨骼的材料 天青石仿似保护世人的深蓝色夜空，这种材料均从阿富汗运来 来自西奈半岛的绿松石和孔雀石象征尼罗河带来的生命之水，也可用利比亚沙漠的长石甚至绿色釉料代替 尼罗河东边沙漠出产的墨绿色碧玉像新鲜蔬菜的颜色，代表再生 红玉髓及红色碧玉的颜色像血，象征着生命 图为古埃及的首饰作坊 <IMG alt="" src="http://www.aigu.com.cn/upload/20076131615250286.jpg" border=0> 　　古埃及首饰的种类主要有项饰、耳环、头冠、手镯、手链、指环、腰带、护身符及项饰平衡坠子等，制作精美、复杂，并带有特定含义。 <IMG alt="" src="http://www.aigu.com.cn/upload/200761316222132760.jpg" border=0> 　　一件第十二王朝（约公元前1900－1800）的腰带，由贝壳、护身符和珠饰组成，材料包括天然银金、银、光玉髓、紫晶、青金石、长石和玻璃等。贝壳中空，由银金制成，古埃及人认为贝壳与女性生殖器的形状相似，可起保护作用。两个以天然银金制成的中空护符，代表一束继承王位者的发式。两个鱼形护身符，用以祈求佩戴者免被水淹。跪坐的人像是长寿之神———赫，他通常手持棕榈枝。其余都是圆形珠子，包括中空的银金珠子和光玉髓、紫晶、青金石、绿色长石制成的珠子。这件腰带体现了古埃及人将珍贵金属与色彩艳丽的半宝石串连的爱好，代表着当时珠宝佩饰工艺的高度成就。项饰平衡坠子是当胸前佩戴的项饰过重时，用以平衡其重量的坠子，常佩于背后两肩胛骨的中间。平衡坠子的基本形状像个钟摆，和项饰一起原为供奉天空之神哈托尔的女祭司们专用，后来所有贵族妇女都佩戴它，以示对神的尊敬。项饰象征着死后的复生和多子，而平衡坠子佩于背后则有庇佑之意。 <IMG alt="" src="http://img.hc360.com/jewelry/info/images/200604/weeette.jpg" border=0> 　　代表古埃及首饰最高成就的当然是法老的首饰，法老墓中曾随葬着大量精美无比的珍宝首饰，但历经多年的盗掘，大多流失殆尽。在为数不多的未被盗掘的法老墓中，第十八王朝法老图唐卡门墓的首饰最为有名。 <IMG alt="" src="http://www.aigu.com.cn/upload/200761316243028074.jpg" border=0> 古埃及珠宝首饰——款式各异的古埃及首饰： 护身符 — 在埃及人看来，护身符及制成护身符形状的首饰是基本的装饰，尤其是死者必须的陪葬品。当然，它也同样用于装饰活人的衣服。葬礼护身符包括心形护身符、蜣螂护身符、杰德柱护身符及伊希斯的圣结等等。 戒指 — 古时的戒指有多种用途，除了用于装饰外，还常用来在文书、信件上签盖印章。金属印章最早用于新王国时期，呈马镫形，但到了后王国期，一种新型的金属印章开始流行起来。 耳坠 — 耳环在新王国时期之前进入埃及，一个世纪之内即盛行起来，连法老的耳朵也有了穿孔。耳环是埃及人最晚采用的首饰，无疑是受了其它文化的影响。 垂饰 — 争奇斗艳的垂饰，特别是由纯金锻造而成的饰品一度大为盛行。有由宝石镶嵌而成的玫瑰花瓣形、弯月形，还有些垂饰会浇铸上彩色珐琅，绘上鲜花图案，并刻有阿拉伯警句。 腰带 — 由于埃及服装的缘故，腰带也成为古埃及人必不可少的服饰。埃及人相信，贝壳形似女性的性器官，因此贝壳或贝壳形护身符作为腰带的一部分，佩戴在女性腹部，能保护女性不受侵犯。 戒指\手镯\手链类 <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/magazine/jewelry4.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/magazine/jewelry5.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/3rings.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/bracelets.jpg" border=0> 法老的戒指 <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/tutl40.jpg" border=0> 蛇型戒指 <IMG alt="" src="http://images.ruvita.com/FileServer/Forum/Accessories/dvbbs/2005-6/20056301127683655.jpg" border=0> 法老印章戒指 <IMG alt="" src="http://botu.bokee.com/photodata1/2007-7-4/008/993/655/9147743/9147743_h.jpg" border=0> 圣甲虫戒指 <IMG alt="" src="http://images.ruvita.com/FileServer/Forum/Accessories/dvbbs/2005-6/200563011262246899.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/magazine/mag04012001/jewelry9.jpg" border=0> 图特摩斯三世的方形戒指 年代：第18王朝，图特摩斯三世在位期间，约公元前1450年 　　这枚戒指的深蓝色玻璃戒面可以转动。方形戒指的两面均有铭文，一面刻画狮身人面的图特摩斯三世头戴王冠，脚踏敌人，其中的象形文字则是“伟大的神门克佩尔（图特摩斯登基时的封号）降服天下”。戒指的另一面记录法老的另一称号，读作“黄金的何露斯，大权的掌握者”。 黄金戒指 <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/5rings.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/magazine/mag04012001/jewelry1.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://images.ruvita.com/FileServer/Forum/Accessories/dvbbs/2005-6/20056301125257968.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/magazine/mag04012001/jewelry2.jpg" border=0> 阿蒙内莫普的手镯 材料：金、青金石、玛瑙、绿长石 尺寸：高6.9厘米 年代：第21王朝 出土地点：塔尼斯 　　这些在塔尼斯出土的王室珍宝代表了当时杰出的、令人惊叹的首饰加工水平及设计师非凡的创造力。这只金手镯镶嵌有青金石、玛瑙和绿长石。手镯的设计非常的多样化，在两端各有一涂有油彩的半圆柱体绞扣，当手镯合上时，其中带有插针的绞扣可以紧紧地咬合住另一端。手镯上雕刻有带有象征意义的蜣螂。蜣螂之前，镶嵌有太阳盘，一旁的环形的象形符号“申”代表了宇宙间的无穷力量。在另一边，可以看到刻有法老苏萨内斯一世名字的椭圆形饰板。这只手镯是在法老阿蒙内莫普的木乃伊身上发现的。阿蒙内莫普是苏萨内斯一世的儿子，他去世后被安葬在他父亲陵墓的一个墓室中。苏萨内斯一世陵墓于1940年被发掘。 <IMG alt="" src="http://photo.sohu.com/2003/12/12/47/Img216804750.jpg" border=0> 饰有何露斯之眼的手镯 Rigid Udjat Eye Bracelet <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/bracelet.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://img.hc360.com/jewelry/info/images/200604/tutrtgj.jpg" border=0> Ivory and Stone Bracelets <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/tutl3.jpg" border=0> Flexible Head Bracelet <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/tutl61.jpg" border=0> Scarab Bracelet <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/tutl48.jpg" border=0> Bracelet with Scarabs and Netjer-ankh Holding the Symbols of Infinity <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/tutl33.jpg" border=0> Swivel Joint Bracelet <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/bracelets2.jpg" border=0> 贝壳金链 <IMG alt="" src="http://img.hc360.com/jewelry/info/images/200604/wetet.jpg" border=0> 圣甲虫手链 <IMG alt="" src="http://www.nilestone.com/productcart/pc/catalog/4191BGJ-l.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://www.nilestone.com/productcart/pc/catalog/4314BGJ-l.jpg" border=0> 蜣螂手链 年代：第18王朝，约公元前1330年 　　这件首饰别具特色的设计是，用蜣螂分割和固定六根串珠。埃及人对蜣螂的行为有一种奇特的解释，他们认为成年蜣螂不断翻滚粪球，便在其间突然孵出了小蜣螂，因此，蜣螂被看成是再生和复活的象征。他们还想象，太阳即是一个圆球，由一只巨大的蜣螂翻滚着穿越天空。 胸饰\项链等类 黄金胸链 <IMG alt="" src="http://images.ruvita.com/FileServer/Forum/Accessories/dvbbs/2005-6/200563011263628178.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://images.ruvita.com/FileServer/Forum/Accessories/dvbbs/2005-6/200563011261085296.jpg" border=0> 黄金饰品 <IMG alt="" src="http://botu.bokee.com/photodata1/2007-7-4/008/993/655/9147746/9147746_h.jpg" border=0> 玛瑞特公主的项链 ANKLET OF MERERET 年代：中王国 出土地点：达舒尔 Identity: Mereret, Daughter of Senusert III Material: Gold, Amethyst

eriod: Middle Kingdom, 12th Dynasty Reign: Senusert III Length: 34 cm 　　这条项链是玛瑞特公主随葬品当中的一个，大量珠宝从她位于达舒尔的墓出土。玛瑞特是谢索斯特斯三世的女儿。出土的墓葬品除了项链、腰带、脚镯等首饰品以外，还有第十二王朝暑期王室里的贵妇人们所珍视的器物。 　　眼前的这条项链由两串紫水晶做成的珠子并排相链而成。紫水晶珠子之间相隔一定距离夹串着黄金珠子，项链的两端各有一个雕刻着编织图案的黄金节扣。两只金脚爪面对面地挂在一金环下，它们吊在项链上起到护身符的作用。在古代埃及，金脚爪象征着女性的生育能力。 　　Coquetry enhanced with a prophylactic symbolism used to adorn women';s ankles with delicate chains, formed of amethyst beads connected to a leopard';s claws. With a remarkable combination of color, creative taste in ornament and competence in repouss?work, such beautiful jewelry united here in successful harmony amuletic protection of the individual and technical precision. <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/egyptmuseum/3u111.jpg" border=0> 莎哈托的胸饰 JEWELLERY OF SAT-HATHOR 尺寸：高4.9厘米 年代：中王国 出土地点：达舒尔 Identity: Sat-Hathor, Daughter of Senusert II Material: Gold, Feldspar, Carnelian, Lapis, and Lazuli

eriod: Middle Kingdom, 12th Dynasty Reign: Senusert III Height: 4.9 cm Width: 5.6 cm Length: 70 cm 　　这件做工粗胸饰原来属于谢索斯特斯二世莎哈托。胸饰由一根用玛瑙、绿宝石珠和青金石珠串成的项链吊着。上述珠子之间还隔一定的距离夹着黄金珠子。胸饰的主体由纯金透雕而成，然后加以各种镶嵌物进行修饰。胸饰的中心部位有谢索斯特斯的两边各有一头隼，它被看作是王权的保护者。隼的头上各戴着代表上、下埃及双冠。两头隼的旁边各有一条眼镜蛇，埃及人相信它是国王的保护神。两条眼镜蛇用尾巴圈着太阳圆盘，脖子上吊着象征生命象形符号。 　　This openwork pectoral, is hung from a chain of stones and gold beads. Its form is inspired by architecture crowned with a cavetto cornice. On either side of the prenomen of Senusert II, two falcons portraying the god Horus are perched upon the sign for gold. The king is also an incarnation of this god, hence the two birds wear the double crown and are flanked by the sun disk with a uraeus holding an "ankh" (life sign). The reverse of this pendent is in gold leaf. The belt alternates between gold cowrie shells and a double row of "acacia seed" stone beads. It is short because of the lost cowries. <IMG alt="" src="http://photo.sohu.com/2003/12/12/63/Img216806333.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/egyptmuseum/3u109.jpg" border=0> 黄金项链 <IMG alt="" src="http://botu.bokee.com/photodata1/2007-7-4/008/993/655/9147747/9147747_h.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://botu.bokee.com/photodata1/2007-7-4/008/993/655/9147748/9147748_h.jpg" border=0> Necklace with Scarab with Falcon Wings Holding Infinity Symbol <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/tutl47.jpg" border=0> Necklace with Lunar Pectoral <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/tutl46.jpg" border=0> Necklace with Triple Scarab Pectoral <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/3scarabneck.jpg" border=0> Necklace of the Sun on the Eastern Horizon <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/scarab3.jpg" border=0> 带有法老与真理女神图案的项饰 <IMG alt="" src="http://botu.bokee.com/photodata1/2007-7-4/008/993/655/9147742/9147742.jpg" border=0> 女王胸饰 <IMG alt="" src="http://wx.okxr.com/uppic/temppic/20050111/163142_903911.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://wx.okxr.com/uppic/temppic/20050111/163142_883369.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://img.hc360.com/jewelry/info/images/200604/wqreg.jpg" border=0> 领 COLLAR OF NEFERUPTAH Identity: Neferuptah, Princess Material: Gold, Feldspar, Carnelian

eriod: Middle Kingdom, 12th Dynasty Reign: Amenemhat III Length: 36.5 cm Width: 10 cm 　　This "wesekh" (wide) collar is made of a network of tubular beads of feldspar and carnelian arranged in six rows alternating with files of little gold beads. Teardrop-shaped pieces inlaid with feldspar and carnelian border the lowest row. The two falcon heads fasten the collar and are hammered gold leaf worked in repouss? The counterpoise is well matched to the design of the collar. Because of its protective value, the wesekh collar was a favorite ornament of gods, kings and private individuals alike, hence, this collar accompanied princess Neferuptah in her sarcophagus. <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/egyptmuseum/27u114.jpg" border=0> Vulture & Cobra Collar This collar, cut from a single sheet of gold, was found on the King';s body. It shows the vulture and cobra goddesses of Upper and Lower Egypt. <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/tutl50.jpg" border=0> Falcon Collar <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/falcon.jpg" border=0> Vulture Collar <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/vulture2.jpg" border=0> Floral Collar of Faience Beads <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/collar.jpg" border=0> Two Circlets <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/tutl2.jpg" border=0> 足饰 <IMG alt="" src="http://botu.bokee.com/photodata1/2007-7-7/008/993/655/9203120/9203120.jpg" border=0> JEWELLERY OF THE PRINCESS KHNUMIT Identity: Khnumit, Daughter of Amenemhat II Material: Gold, Turquoise, Carnelian, Lapis Lazuli Period: Middle Kingdom, 12th Dynasty Reign: Amenemhat II Maximum Length: 35 cm Maximum Width: 3 cm 　　These pieces were part of Khnumit';s tomb accessories. The bracelets are simple chains of gold beads and clasps with a slide bar in gold cloisonn? inlaid with semi-precious stones. The clasps are shaped into the hieroglyphic signs of "joy", "birth" and "all protection and life behind her". The bluish necklace has threaded beads of gold, turquoise and lapis lazuli and a row of tear-drop pendants worked in gold cloisonn?set with turquoise and lapis lazuli. The second necklace is in the form of a broad wesekh collar. Its elements consist of gold cloisonn?set with stones, two falcon heads as clasps and pairs of amulets arranged on either sides of a central ankh sign, a row of tri-colored pendants hanging below the amulets represents the signs of life, the Two ladies, unification, stability, power, protection, etc. <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/egyptmuseum/3u107.jpg" border=0> Eye of Ra Pectoral <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/blueeyeneck.jpg" border=0> Triple String Necklace <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/tripleneck.jpg" border=0> 各式项链 <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/magazine/mag04012001/jewelry7.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/magazine/mag04012001/jewelry12.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/magazine/mag04012001/jewelry5.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/magazine/mag04012001/jewelry8.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/magazine/mag04012001/jewelry6.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/fahmy1.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/fahmy5.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/fahmy7.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/fahmy2.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/fahmy3.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/fahmy4.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/fahmy9.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/fahmy8.jpg" border=0> 
 腰带\耳坠\护身符等类 拉美西斯六世法老的耳饰 材料：金 尺寸：长16厘米 年代：第20王朝 出土地点：阿比多斯 　　在发掘位于阿比多斯的法老塞提一世神庙时，人们从埋葬于神庙隐秘处一女性的木乃伊身上发现了这件独一无二的皇家耳饰。耳饰包括一金红色圆盘，圆盘周围记得有凹槽。圆盘的正面有颗粒状点缀物，反而镶着刻有拉美西斯六世名字的椭圆形饰板。五条金制眼镜蛇围绕在四周，蛇身表面为颗粒状，上刻有凹线条。位于中部的三条蛇头顶着太阳盘，旁边的两条则冠以阿特夫王冠。这五条蛇下面是一个带翼的太阳盘，其下部是另外五条头顶太阳盘、站立在栏木上的眼镜蛇。栏木下吊着七条头顶太阳盘的眼镜蛇。 <IMG alt="" src="http://photo.sohu.com/2003/12/12/57/Img216805708.jpg" border=0> Gold Cloisonne Earrings <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/tutl45.jpg" border=0> Ear Studs <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/earstuds.jpg" border=0> Earrings of Unknown Material <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/tutl49.jpg" border=0> Penannular Earrings <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/earrings.jpg" border=0> 王冠（戒指？） <IMG alt="" src="http://img.hc360.com/jewelry/info/images/200604/wwetxh.jpg" border=0> 饰有上下埃及标志（鹰蛇）的王冠 King Tut';s Crown This was the royal diadem found on the King Tut mummy. It is made of pure gold with inlays of glass and semiprecious stones and carries the vulture and the cobra to protect the young pharaoh. <IMG alt="" src="http://botu.bokee.com/photodata1/2007-7-4/008/993/655/9147899/9147899.jpg" border=0> DIADEM OF SAT-HATHOR-YUNET Identity: Sat-Hathor-Yunet, Daughter of Senusert II Material: Gold, Green Faience, Carnelian, Lapis Lazuli Period: Middle Kingdom, 12th Dynasty Reign: Amenemhat III Height: ca. 44 cm Width: 19.2 cm 　　This type of diadem was usually fitted on a wig with long braids, each one of which was clasped in little gold rings. The diadem takes the form of a large flat band of solid gold, ornamented with a uraeus and rosettes. Both the gold cloisonn?rosettes and the uraeus are ornamented with lapis lazuli, carnelian and green faience. The uraeus head is of lapis lazuli, while its eyes are of garnet set in gold rims. <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/egyptmuseum/3u112.jpg" border=0> Jewelry from the reign of Senusret I <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/senusret119.jpg" border=0> 保护之眼 <IMG alt="" src="http://www.nilestone.com/productcart/pc/catalog/4152CGP-l.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://www.nilestone.com/productcart/pc/catalog/4319PGJ-l.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://www.nilestone.com/productcart/pc/catalog/4114PGJ-l.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://www.nilestone.com/productcart/pc/catalog/4371PGJ-l.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://www.themysticcorner.com/images/cjpen0011.jpg" border=0> 垂饰 <IMG alt="" src="http://img.hc360.com/jewelry/info/images/200604/weeette.jpg" border=0> Gold pendant with Various Deities <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/tutl32.jpg" border=0> Pendant Depicting the Solar Beetle Flanked by Baboons <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/tutl31.jpg" border=0> 羊头形状的垂饰 材料：金，褐色沙石 尺寸：高5.5厘米 年代：第21王朝 出土地点：塔尼斯 　　这件垂饰是为了让生前曾经是军队将领的文佳杰德在来世用作护身符而制作的。它属于从文佳杰德的坟墓出土的一大批墓葬品。文佳杰德的墓离第21王朝苏萨内斯国王的王陵不远，它于1946年被考古学家发现。 　　这件金制护身符主要由两个杰德柱子构成。杰德柱子代表奥西里斯的脊梁骨，因此成为死而复活的标志。两个杰德柱子中间是用褐色沙石雕刻而成，柱顶被雕刻成一个长着两个弯角的羊头，羊头上戴着佩带眼镜蛇的阿特夫王冠。羊在古代动脉是多产的象征。表示复活的杰德柱子和表示繁殖的羊头结合起来组成一个护身符，埃及相信这样的护身符能够保征死者在来世获得重生，并且生儿育女。 <IMG alt="" src="http://photo.sohu.com/2003/12/12/39/Img216803986.jpg" border=0> 何露斯之眼护身符 年代：第三中间期，约公元前1000-700年 　　古埃及人认为，猎鹰是天届的创造神何露斯的化身，其右眼是太阳，左眼是月亮。“何露斯之眼”意即“无损伤之眼”，指的是何露斯在同塞特搏斗时被挖出的眼睛，之后由月亮神托特治愈。不过这个词也可能指何露斯的右眼，那个未经损伤的眼。 Composite Udjat Eye Pectoral <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/eyenecklace.jpg" border=0> 何露斯鹰形护身符 This striking pendant, also found on Tutankhamun';s body shows, the falcon god Horus. It is made of gold inlaid with semi-precious stones. <IMG alt="" src="http://botu.bokee.com/photodata1/2007-7-4/008/993/655/9147744/9147744_h.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://images.ruvita.com/FileServer/Forum/Accessories/dvbbs/2005-6/200563011255732161.jpg" border=0> Vulture Pendant <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/tutl36.jpg" border=0> Flying Vulture Pectoral <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/vulture.jpg" border=0> 眼镜蛇护身符Cobra Amulet  <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/cobraamulet.jpg" border=0> 蛇头护身符 Serpent Head Amulet <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/serpent.jpg" border=0> 护身符 Pectoral with Solar and Lunar Emblems <IMG alt="" src="http://images.ruvita.com/FileServer/Forum/Accessories/dvbbs/2005-6/200563011254497150.jpg" border=0> Human-headed Winged Cobra <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/tutl38.jpg" border=0> Menet Bird <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/bird.jpg" border=0> 生命之匙 <IMG alt="" src="http://www.nilestone.com/productcart/pc/catalog/4124PGJ-l.jpg" border=0> 圣甲虫 <IMG alt="" src="http://www.nilestone.com/productcart/pc/catalog/4256CGP-l.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://www.nilestone.com/productcart/pc/catalog/4160PGJ-l.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://img.hc360.com/jewelry/info/images/200604/ewtryfj.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://images.ruvita.com/FileServer/Forum/Accessories/dvbbs/2005-6/200563011265088240.jpg" border=0> Tutankhamun';s Throne Name <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/thronename.jpg" border=0> Heart Scarab <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/scarab.jpg" border=0> Decorated Scarab <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/scarab2.jpg" border=0> Pectoral of Kheper Scarab <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/tutl37.jpg" border=0> Pectoral Representing Ra-Harakhty <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/pendant1.jpg" border=0> Winged Scarab Pectoral <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/pendant2.jpg" border=0> 雕像及其他艺术品 羽扇 <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/burial/handfan_b.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/burial/largefan_b.jpg" border=0> 印章 <IMG alt="" src="http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2002/egypt/images/full/188-032b.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2002/egypt/images/full/188-081a.jpg" border=0> PECTORAL OF MERERET Identity: Mereret, Daughter of Senusert III Material: Gold, Turquoise, Carnelian, Amethyst, Lapis Lazuli Period: Middle Kingdom, 12th Dynasty Reign: Senusert III Height: 6.1 and 7.9 cm Width: 8.6 and 10.5 cm 　　This openwork pectoral belonged to princess Mereret, daughter of Senusert III and sister of his successor, Amenemhat III. The pectoral is set within the framework of a "chapel" where the vulture- goddess with outstretched wings hovers protectively over the scene of the victorious king dispatching his enemies. Between the lotus flowers, king Senusert III tramples his enemies while depicted as a griffin. The griffin combines here the power of the falcon with the strength of the lion. <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/egyptmuseum/3u110.jpg" border=0>  Openwork Gold Buckle <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/tutl56.jpg" border=0> Pectoral Featuring Nut in Vulture Form <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/pectoral2.jpg" border=0> Pectoral Featuring Nut <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/pectoral1.jpg" border=0> 赫努特美伊忒的陪葬人俑与人俑盒 年代：第19王朝，约公元前1250年 　　这件人俑盒出自阿蒙神的乐师赫努特美伊忒之墓，盒中的一组陪葬小人俑具有这一时期的典型特征，皆包裹成木乃伊形，头戴长假发，佩戴宽领圈和手镯，双手各持锄头，以在来世代替死者从事必须的农业劳动。 金棺 The Canopic Shrine It was of gilded wood, protected by a canopy also of gilded wood, with sacred cobras and standing on a sled. It was located at the east wall of the treasury of King Tut and contained his embalmed internal organs. Howard Carter described this shrine as, "the most beautiful monument that I have ever seen--so lovely that it made one gasp with wonder and admiration" <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/treasure/canopicshrine_b.jpg" border=0> 法老苏萨内斯一世的金制凉鞋 　　苏萨内斯一世是埃及第21王朝数个法老中的一位。在位期间，苏萨内斯一世在距今天的开罗西北约130公里的塔尼斯建立一座神庙并将此神庙献给了主神阿蒙。之后，他有在神庙内神圣区域为他和他的妻子建了陵墓。 　　1939至1946年间，考古学家发现了苏萨内斯一世的陵墓，并且在这一陵墓的墓室中发现了一皇家幕群，那里埋葬着其他一些统治过埃及第21、22王朝的法老们。令人感到惋惜的是，当地湿气十分严重，加速了墓室有机材料的腐化。但是，那些侥幸保留下来的墓葬品仍然能够反映当时葬礼的隆重。一切都是那样的豪华、充满着宗教意义、与平常百姓生活截然不同。出土物品的种类也非常繁多，有面具、宝石、护身符、木乃伊的手套护套、脚趾套、银棺等与木乃伊有关的文物。令科学家感到兴奋的是，那些合葬相当完整。 　　作为木乃伊“服饰”的一部分，凉鞋有着重要的意义，因为死者的灵魂再生后将依靠它行走。有些与葬礼有关的文献也记述道，举行葬礼必须为死者的木乃伊穿上凉鞋。法老苏萨内斯一世的这双凉鞋堪称是打造最为精致的凉鞋，凉鞋的底是一个雕有水平条纹的薄片，鞋跟上雕有玫瑰形装饰物。鞋底的头部向后卷起，并且连接一条皮带。鞋两侧的皮带在脚裸处相连，并与鞋尖的皮带相接。这双鞋在实际生活中没有被使用过。但是，他的精致和巧妙则令人赞叹不己。 <IMG alt="" src="http://photo.sohu.com/2003/12/12/46/Img216804661.jpg" border=0> 凉鞋 Sandals Carter recorded 93 items or fragments of footwear. This pair of sandals, made of pure gold, was found on the mummy. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/burial/sandals_b.jpg" border=0> Carter recorded 93 items of footwear in the tomb. One of the most ornate is a sandal with a picture of an Asian and an African Prisoner. Each time the King took a step, he crushed his enemies. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/annex/tutsandals_b.jpg" border=0> 鸭形化妆盒 材料：木头 尺寸：长14厘米 年代不详 出土地点：萨卡拉 　　从王朝前期开始，鸭子和鹅就成为古代埃及艺术家喜欢表现的主题。这只用木头雕刻的鸭子被当作存放眼线膏或者供涂抹皮肤用的油膏。鸭子的背用作盒盖，它由一块单独的木板做成。盒盖通过一个栓子与盒身相连拉接，栓子同时还起到枢轴作用。鸭头转向后看。鸭背上雕刻着一些植物的图案和弯弯曲曲的水波。 <IMG alt="" src="http://photo.sohu.com/2003/12/12/66/Img216806664.jpg" border=0> 苏萨内斯一世的金制饰瓶 材料：金 尺寸：直径9厘米 年代：第21王朝 出土地点：塔尼斯 　　对苏萨内斯一世陵墓的挖掘是图腾卡蒙墓被发现以后的又一次轰动一时的事件。考古学家发现一大批墓葬品包括木乃伊的金面具完好无损。从苏萨内斯一世葬在阿蒙神庙里的王陵还出土了若干金制陪葬器皿。 　　这只金制饰瓶的瓶腹有24条隆起的凸槽，而瓶劲上则4个椭圆形饰圈，里面用象形文字各写着一个名字。右面的两个的苏萨内斯一世的名字，而左面的两个是王太后的名字。 <IMG alt="" src="http://photo.sohu.com/2003/12/12/64/Img216806458.jpg" border=0> 银瓶 <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/SILVER1.JPG" border=0> 呈孕妇形状的瓶子 材料：雪花石膏 尺寸：高20厘米 年代：新王国 出土地点不详 　　这是用来装药膏或者油膏的容器。里面的物质可以治疗皮肤病或者防止皮肤变得过于干燥。在据称是成文于古王国的普塔荷太普说教文里，作者劝告他的学生给妻子提供油膏：“你要真心爱你的妻子，供她吃，供她穿。油膏还能保持她的健康”。 　　在埃及干燥的气候里，一个怀孕的女人更有理由使用油膏。不过这件容令人称奇的地方在于模仿一个正在往自己肚皮涂抹油膏的孕妇。 <IMG alt="" src="http://photo.sohu.com/2003/12/12/49/Img216804987.jpg" border=0> 香膏瓶 年代：第18王朝，约公元前1390-1352年 　　直到第18王朝中期（约公元前1390-1352年），埃及人才开始大量制造玻璃器皿，较与之相邻的叙利亚人要晚得多，制造玻璃器皿的技术很可能是叙利亚工匠带入埃及的。在埃及，玻璃一直是一种奢侈品，多用于制作这类小型的梳妆用品。  工艺品 <IMG alt="" src="http://givnology.com/groupee/forums/a/ga/ul/122102009/inlineimg/Y/EGYPTTUTSUNGUENTBOX.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://givnology.com/groupee/forums/a/ga/ul/232102009/inlineimg/Y/EGYPTUNGUENYJARTUT.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://givnology.com/groupee/forums/a/ga/ul/412102009/inlineimg/Y/EGYPTGOLDENHAWK.jpg" border=0> Tutankhamen on Skiff With arm raised to harpoon the hippopotamus of Seth. This beautifully detailed and gilded statuette on a boat was found in the treasury of the King';s Tomb. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/treasure/onskiff_b.jpg" border=0> Pharaoh on a Leopard This is one of two similar but not matching statues of King Tutankhamen standing on the back of a black leopard. The king is beautifully detailed in gilded wood. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/treasure/pharoahlepard_b.jpg" border=0> Selket One of four goddesses guarding the canopic shrine which contained the embalmed internal organs of King Tut. This delicate figure of gilded wood, stands with arms outstretched in protection and head gently inclined. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/treasure/selket_b.jpg" border=0> Hathor Head Goddess of the West, in the form of a cow. This splendid cow head was found in front of the canopic shrine of King Tut. It is partially glided and partially covered with black resin varnish. The eyes are of glass and the horns of wood, covered with thin copper sheeting. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/treasure/hathorhead_b.jpg" border=0> Cabinet with Hieroglyphic Fretwork <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/table.jpg" border=0> Bow-Fronted Box Elegant bow-fronted box of red and black wood. The panel on the front has names of Tutankhamen and his queen, and lotus and papyrus plants knotted together symbolizing unification. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/annex/bowbox_b.jpg" border=0> Cartouche Box This unusual box for the king';s jewelry in the shape of a cartouche, has Tutankhamun';s name on the lid. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/treasure/cartouchebox_b.jpg" border=0> Decorated Chest Elaborately decorated wooden chest, the original overlaid with carved and painted ivory. Tutankhamen and his queen are shown among flowers on the sloping lid, with scenes of the royal couple and animals on the sides. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/treasure/decoratedchest_b.jpg" border=0> White and Gold Chest This white chest is decorated with gilded ankh and uas signs, symbols of life and power. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/treasure/wgoldchest_b.jpg" border=0> Wooden Chest Of simple design, has a vaulted lid and is trimmed in black and white. This was one of many chests and boxes found in King Tut';s tomb. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/treasure/woodenchest_b.jpg" border=0> Wooden Chest One of the beautiful wooden chests found in the annex. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/annex/woodenchest_b.jpg" border=0> Large Portable Chest This large portable chest has retractable handles. It has a vaulted roof and has hieroglyphic inscriptions all around it. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/antechamber/portablechest_b.jpg" border=0> White Vaulted Chest This was found in the antechamber and contained some of the garments of the king. It has a hieroglyphic inscription on the side. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/antechamber/vaultedchest_b.jpg" border=0> Nekhbet Shrine This is one of the most elegant pieces found in the tomb. The shrine is constructed of wood overlaid with thick gold foil. The shrine is adorned with many beautiful scenes of King Tut with his wife. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/antechamber/shrine_b.jpg" border=0> The Painted Chest This is the first item that was removed from the antechamber. It is a wooden chest with exquisite paintings of King Tut at war and in various hunting scenes. This is one of the most beautiful pieces in the tomb. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/antechamber/paintedchest_b.jpg" border=0> Alabaster Boat This superb piece of carved and painted alabaster may have been a centerpiece for fruit or flowers. The steerwoman is a dwarf and the prow and stern are carved with gazelle heads. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/annex/alabasterboat_b.jpg" border=0> Ceremonial Sailing Boat This is a ceremonial sailing boat for use in the voyage to the "next world." The sailing boat has 2 oars for navigation, and two small cabins on the bow and stern. The middle cabin is very finely and richly decorated. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/treasure/ceremonialsailing_b.jpg" border=0> This is ceremonial sailing boat for use in the voyage to the "next world." The sailing boat has 2 oars for navigation, and two small cabins are very finely and richly decorated. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/treasure/ceremonialsailing2_b.jpg" border=0> Ceremonial Boats From the tomb of King Tut. These boats are of simple and graceful form with lotus prow and stern-posts. One of the boats has two steering oars and on its side is painted the Eye of Horus. The other boat has more inward-turning prow and stern-posts, beautifully contoured. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/treasure/ceremonialboat1_b.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/treasure/ceremonialboat2_b.jpg" border=0> 法老面具 King Tut';s Mask This superb model, the king';s portrait mask, stands without parallel as a masterpiece of Egyptian--and perhaps the world--craftsmanship. It is made of two separate sheets of gold and represents the young King as Osiris, god of the Underworld, wearing the nemes (head cloth), with a pig-tail falling at the back. This is inlaid with blue glass in imitation of lapis lazuli. On the brow sit the vulture and cobra to spit fire at the Pharaoh';s enemies. The back of the mask is chased with a series of texts from the Book of the Dead. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/burial/tutmask3_b.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/burial/tutmask2_b.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/burial/tutmask1_b.jpg" border=0> 法老灵柩 Outermost Coffin In its original form it was constructed of thick cedar wood covered with gold foil. It is ornate, with beautiful etchings and inscriptions. It shows the King in the shape of Osiris carrying the Crook and Flail. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/burial/coffin_b.jpg" border=0> Squatting Figure of a King <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/squatking.jpg" border=0> 盾 Tut Shield This is one of eight shields found in the annex. It depicts Tut as a guardian lion. He is guarded by the falcon-god Horus. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/annex/tutshield_b.jpg" border=0> 法老黄金匕首 King Tut Dagger One of two daggers found on the mummy. It is made of pure gold, and was found around the waist of the mummy. Its grip is inlaid with glass and semi-precious stones. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/burial/tutdagger_b.jpg" border=0> The Crook and Flail These are part of the royal regalia. The crook and flail are worn by the god Osiris, god of the underworld, and by the divine pharaoh. The crook (hega) and flail (nekhakha) are made of cylindrical sections of dark blue glass, obsidian and gold mounted on a copper rod. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/burial/crookandflail_b.jpg" border=0> 法老黄金宝座 The Golden Throne Truly a masterpiece of workmanship! This is an armchair of wood overlaid with sheet gold and silver and inlaid with a blend of faience and semiprecious stones. The chair has the legs of a lion, and the back of the chair is the queen anointing her husband with perfume with the rays of the sun-god, Aten, shining upon them. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/antechamber/goldenthrone_b.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/featurestories/chair.jpg" border=0> 柏木椅 Cedar Chair One of the most beautiful pieces found in the antechamber. The chair is made of cedar wood. Its legs are carved like the paws of a lion. The deep-red color of the chair is emphasized by a contrasting gold-foil overlay on the winged sun-disc. The back of the chair has an open work representation of Heh, god of Eternity, kneeling and carrying the ankh symbol on one arm. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/antechamber/cedarchair_b.jpg" border=0> 儿童椅 Child';s Chair This chair is believed to have been King Tut';s chair when he was a child. It is made of African ebony with ivory inlay and its side panels are overlaid with gold leaf. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/antechamber/childchair_b.jpg" border=0> Ecclesiastical Throne This is constructed of wood and richly decorated with glass faience and colored stones. It has blotchy markings of a hide of a Nubian goat. At the top of the back of the chair is the spread-winged Nekhbet Vulture and the Aten disc. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/antechamber/throne_b.jpg" border=0> Chair of Hetepheres <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/featurestories/chair2.jpg" border=0> 守护神长椅 Lioness Couch The first couch with lion sides and high curling tail. The face shows the nose, eye frames and tear drops of blue glass. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/antechamber/lionesscouch_b.jpg" border=0> Cow Couch The second couch took the form of a cow, an image of the goddess Mehetweret "the great flood." <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/antechamber/cowcouch_b.jpg" border=0> Ammut Couch The third couch was of the composite goddess Ammut, the devourer (part hippopotamus, part crocodile, and part lioness). Her open mouth showing ivory teeth and a red stained tongue. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/antechamber/ammutcouch_b.jpg" border=0> 床 <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/furniture8.jpg" border=0> 板凳 Brown Stool Attractive white stool with concave seat and lion';s-feet legs. The sides have gilded unification symbols with lotus and papyrus plants tied together. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/antechamber/brownstool_b.jpg" border=0> White Stool Attractive white stool with concave seat and lion';s-feet legs. The sides have gilded unification symbols with lotus and papyrus plants tied together. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/antechamber/whitestool_b.jpg" border=0> Stool One of the stools found in the antechamber. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/antechamber/stool_b.jpg" border=0> Duck Stool In all, 12 stools of six distinct types were found in the tomb. This is a duck stool, named because of the shape of the legs. It can be folded, and the leather is made of imitation leopard skin. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/museum/stool.jpg" border=0> 

-=-=-=- 以下内容由 淡月咏梅 在 2007年08月03日 08:26 时添加 -=-=-=-
 Ornate Acacia Stool <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/museum/stool2.jpg" border=0> Stained Ivory Headrest <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/museum/tutl25.jpg" border=0> 垫脚 Foot Rest This three-piece footrest has a top surface which is divided in two. Each is stacked horizontally with African and Asiatic bound captives - the traditional enemies of ancient Egypt. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/antechamber/footrest_b.jpg" border=0> 双轮战车 Chariot Six chariots were found in a dismantled state in the tomb. This is the first chariot made of wood and tied together by rope and leather. The mantle of the chariot is richly decorated and covered with gold. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/antechamber/chariot_b.jpg" border=0> Tut';s Mannequin This is the gessoed and painted wooden "mannequin" of King Tut. It was probably used instead of a measure to prepare the King';s clothes. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/antechamber/mannequin_b.jpg" border=0> The Ka Statue The two Ka statues guarded the burial chamber. The Ka is the spirit of the deceased person. The face is that of King Tut. They are life-sized and are exquisitely crafted. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/antechamber/kastatue_b.jpg" border=0> Two Anubis Fetishes These are the two Anubis fetishes which were found in the northwest and southeast corners of the burial chamber. These were magical objects put in the tomb to protect it. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/burial/anubis_b.jpg" border=0> Djed Pillar <IMG alt="" src="http://www.touregypt.net/museum/djedpillar.jpg" border=0> 雪花石膏灯 Alabaster Lamps The first is a very ornate lamp which shows on either side the god Heh grasping the ankh sign [KT 310]. The middle receptacle shows a picture, when lit, of King Tut and his wife. The second lamp has 3 receptacles, all made into the images of a lotus flower [KT 311]. The third lamp is very elegant and shows the very fine craftsmanship of the day with many tube-like extensions [KT 312] (One must remember that they are all carved from a single piece of stone!). All the lamps were filled with oil (sesame oil) and were provided with a floating wick. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/burial/alabaster1_b.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/burial/alabaster2_b.jpg" border=0> <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/burial/alabaster3_b.jpg" border=0> Food Baskets In the antechamber, there were 48 egg-shaped food boxes of white-painted wood with black resin on the interior. They contained various cuts of meat (ox and duck portions). <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/antechamber/foodbasket_b.jpg" border=0> 粘土罐 Clay Pots Two clay pots used for the storage of wine. The annex had nearly 40 pottery wine jars. <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/annex/claypots_b.jpg" border=0> The Senet Game The ancient Egyptians were very fond of board games. The senet game can be played with 30 or 20 squares. The modern game played in Egypt today is called "Seega". <IMG alt="" src="http://touregypt.net/marketplace/tomb/annex/senetgame_b.jpg" border=0> 游泳女子形状的化妆匙 材料：页岩 尺寸：长13厘米 年代：新王国出土地点不详 　　新王国时期，埃及工匠充分发挥他们的想象力，把化妆匙制作成各种各样的形状。其中最为奇妙的是，化妆匙的柄表现一个游泳的女子，而勺子则被雕成羚羊形、鱼或者鸭子的形状。 　　这个化妆匙，其匙柄是一个游泳的姑娘伸出双手捧住一个容器。该容器用来保存各种化妆用的颜料、油膏和药膏。游泳的女子身材苗条并且裸着身体。该女子双手捧着容器，好像是在请求化妆匙的主人使用容器里的化妆品。微妙的性方面的暗示一目了然。 <IMG alt="" src="http://photo.sohu.com/2003/12/12/30/Img216803019.jpg" border=0> 玛伊的石碑 材料:黑色花岗岩 尺寸:高87厘米;宽50厘米 年代:第19王朝 出土地点:出自埃及-米布 　　这块石碑原来属于玛伊，他是拉美西斯二世统治时期军队里弓箭分队的首领。石碑可以分成上、下两个部分。上边的部分表现拉美西斯二世站在奥西里斯、伊西斯和赫拉斯三个神面前，这三个神在古代埃及的神话中组成一个家庭，即三神体。拉美西斯二世头戴象征上、下动脉的双冠，双手举着两个献给诸神的装有奠酒的饼子。他们头顶上的象形文字分别是国王和神的名字，其中拉美西斯二世的名字被圈在椭圆里。 　　下边的部分表现玛伊举起双手作祈祷姿势。他头戴长假发，身穿长裙子。他面前九行象形文字包括他的名字和头衔，以及他向国王和三位神所念育的祈祷。有趣的是，他试图通过向自己的君王祈祷来获得三个神的欢心。拉美西斯二世在这里起到中间人的作用。 <IMG alt="" src="http://photo.sohu.com/2003/12/12/60/Img216806013.jpg" border=0> 画着鸵鸟的石块 材料：石灰石 尺寸：长18厘米，宽18厘米 年代：新王国 出土地点：底比斯 　　在新王国时期，底比斯的尼罗河西岸出现了一个叫做德尔·埃及·迈迪那的村庄，里面住着为国王所建造王陵的工匠。村里的年轻人用石块或者碎陶片练习写字或画画。这些石块和陶片被埃及学家统称为ostraca。 　　这个石块上看到用黑墨水画的一只鸵鸟、一只鸟和一个动物。它们显然都经过师傅的修改。可以看出，埃及艺术家非常注重动物的外形，着重表现各种动物各具特点的细节。 <IMG alt="" src="http://photo.sohu.com/2003/12/12/55/Img216805549.jpg" border=0> Nefertiti <IMG alt="" src="http://www.melisatuya.com/trancos/nefertiti.jpg" border=0> 芭斯塔特女神雕像 材料：青铜 尺寸：高14厘米 年代不详，出自萨卡拉 　　芭斯塔特是位于尼罗河三角洲的布巴斯提斯城的女神。她有时以猫的形状出现，有时则被表现成长着猫头的女人。芭斯塔特起初是一个呈母狮状的女神，所以经常和象征威力和力量的萨荷迈特女神联系在一起。到了中王国，该女神和主司娱乐，即音乐和舞蹈的哈托女神被等同起来，所以她的形象经常是长着猫头，手执一个叉铃的女人。中王国的国王们在试图强调他们温和和可怖的双重特征时，把自己分别比做芭斯塔特和萨荷迈特女神。 　　这座雕像表现芭斯塔女神端坐在一只木制基座。她带着类似宽领的饰物，眼部有镶嵌物的痕迹。 <IMG alt="" src="http://photo.sohu.com/2003/12/12/48/Img216804834.jpg" border=0>　　　　 眼镜蛇神小雕像 材料：石灰石 尺寸：高25.5厘米 年代：新王国 出土地点不详 　　在古代埃及眼镜蛇神被叫到瓦姬特。她是位于尼罗河三角洲的一个叫做布托的小镇的保护神。在王朝时期她代表下埃及，同来自上埃及的呈秃鹫开关的拿禾泊特女神结成一对。 　　古代埃及的国王把自己看上、下埃及两个国家的统治者，因而把代表上、下埃及的秃鹫和眼镜蛇融会到国王的称呼以及表示王权的徽章上。国王额头上的眼镜蛇被看作是魔法无边的女巫，埃及人相信她不会让任何敌人接近国王。眼睛蛇还被描写成太阳神拉的眼睛，她通过喷射火焰和毒液来保护太阳光盘。可以看出，眼镜蛇在古代埃及人的日常生活中经常构成威胁，他们试图通过把它奉为神来使它息怒。 <IMG alt="" src="http://photo.sohu.com/2003/12/12/43/Img216804384.jpg" border=0> 梅内普塔的半身像 材料:花岗岩 尺寸:高91厘米 年代:第19王朝 出土地点:底比斯 　　梅内普塔是拉美西斯二世的第十三个儿子。他是长寿的拉美西斯二世去世时还活着的儿子中最年长的一个。他继位时至少已有五十岁。梅内普塔戴着头饰，额头上方立着眼镜蛇。他眼睛很窄，眼脸厚重。他的鼻子瘦削，嘴巴却宽而直。如今已经丢失的假胡子原来由一根布带固定在下巴上。颈上的项链兼有黄蓝绿色。在他的两肩上刻有他的名字。 <IMG alt="" src="http://photo.sohu.com/2003/12/12/45/Img216804587.jpg" border=0> 阿肯那顿的半身像 材料:沙岩 尺寸:高194厘米,宽112厘米 年代:新王国 出土地点:卡纳克 　　阿肯那顿统治埃及约十七年。他在阿蒙神庙东侧建造了献给阿顿神的主要神庙。他建的神庙在第18王朝末期和第19王朝初期被国王拆毁。该神庙的院落原来有28根石柱，上面摆放阿肯那顿的巨型雕像，展出的半身像就是其中一个雕像的上半部分。这尊大雕像的上部显示阿肯那顿戴着配有两根长羽毛的头饰。阿肯那顿呈典型的奥西里斯神的姿势，即双手交叉，拿着权仗和连枷。可惜只有两个刻有国王名字的椭圆幸存了下来。不过，从该半身像可以看出阿肯那顿的一些特征，包括厚重的眼睑下狭长而微闭的双眼、精巧的长鼻、突出的大嘴、夸大的下巴和在耳垂部位钻了孔的长耳。 <IMG alt="" src="http://photo.sohu.com/2003/12/12/42/Img216804221.jpg" border=0> 给赫拉斯喂奶的伊西斯 材料：青铜 尺寸：高47厘米 年代不详 出土地点：卡纳克 　　在象形文字里，伊西斯女神的名字用一个表示御用的象形符号来表达。这很有可能与伊西斯把赫拉斯扶养成人并且帮助他登上王位的传说相关。对女神的崇拜遍及埃及各地，后来，她的崇拜者不限于埃及，在西亚甚至在欧洲都有她的追随者。 　　这座青铜雕像表现伊西斯戴着一顶由两只牛角和太阳圆盘组成的头冠。她身穿紧身的长裙子，坐在宝座上，给坐在膝上的儿子赫拉斯喂。不少人相信，圣母玛利亚怀抱儿子的题材曾经受到眼前这幅画的启发。 <IMG alt="" src="http://photo.sohu.com/2003/12/12/50/Img216805078.jpg" border=0> 伊西斯和荷拉斯的小雕像 材料：金 尺寸：高3.9厘米 年代：托勒密时期 出土地点：土科尔-喀拉木 　　在古代埃及，死者的身上经常放置用神的形象做成的护身符，但是埃及人在世时也佩戴小型的护身符。儿童和妇女容易受到鬼魂和动物的侵害，所以他们使用护身符的情况更多。常常被死者穿戴，也可被生者穿戴，尤其当他们扩大特殊的保护时。因此，在古埃及，人们把金子当成是一种很珍贵的东西。然而，金子是在东部沙漠地区和努比亚（上埃及）被开采。它的色泽鲜明显示了它的纯度和神他们本身永不褪色的天性。金子甚至被称为是神的肉身。 　　我们现在看到的是奥西里斯的妻子伊西斯女神的金制小雕像，她的名字意味着王位，常常在神话和礼俗中出现，与死亡和重生联系在一起。她是个长着牛角，并衬以日盘的妇女，正在给她的孩子荷拉斯喂奶。人们相信她会帮助死者净化并制成木乃伊，并充当她们的悼念者和守护人。她是一个有着魔法和抚伤的女神。 <IMG alt="" src="http://photo.sohu.com/2003/12/12/31/Img216803190.jpg" border=0> 拉美西斯那赫特的跪像 材料：片岩和砂岩 尺寸：高40厘米 年代：第20王朝 出土地点：卡纳克 　　拉美西斯那赫特以书吏的身份开始职业生涯，后来被提升为阿蒙神庙的最高祭司，供职时间是拉美西斯四世、五世和六世的统治时期。在拉美西斯四世统治时期，拉美西斯那赫特曾带领一支远征队到尼罗河东部的山区采石，以便为他的君主建造灵庙。 　　这座雕像表现了拉美西斯那赫特跪着，手里举着一尊雕像，雕像刻画的是阿蒙神和他的配偶穆特以及他们的儿子孔斯。拉美西斯那赫特戴着假发，头发微微卷曲，其面部表情体现了拉美西斯时代的特征。他的眼睛细长，鼻子瘦削，嘴巴大而薄。他身穿一件带褶裥的长裙，但是袖子很短。雕像上以象形文字刻有组成底比斯三神体的三个神的名字以及拉美西斯那赫特的名字和职务。 <IMG alt="" src="http://photo.sohu.com/2003/12/12/58/Img216805853.jpg" border=0> 哈托女神头像 材料：青铜 尺寸：高4.4厘米 年代：萨伊斯王朝时期 出土地点：萨卡拉 　　哈托是一个具重要意义的女神，通常以三种形式受到膜拜：母牛、戴着马尾假发头巾的女人，以及长着牛耳的女人。 　　这个以青铜和小片金子制成的垂饰刻画了女神的第三种形式。金子用来以金色眼线勾勒哈托眼部的形状，表现她长长的眉毛，并烘托她的头发。她的脸成心形，鼻子短小但宽阔，小嘴，嘴唇相对饱满。女神头上带着代表天空的王冠。 <IMG alt="" src="http://photo.sohu.com/2003/12/12/54/Img216805461.jpg" border=0> 哈伦海布的墓葬俑 年代:新王朝 材料:雪花石 尺寸:高23.5米 出土地点:底比斯(哈伦海布墓) 　　埃及人从中王国时间开始制作小型墓葬俑，然后同其他东西一起葬在墓中。这些用木头精略雕刻的俑代表着农业生产者，从古王国时期被成组地放置，目的是为了代替死者在来世劳动。到了第二中间期，墓葬俑上还刻文字，其内容是墓葬俑向墓主保证，它们随时听候吩咐，替主人完成繁重的体力劳动。 <IMG alt="" src="http://photo.sohu.com/2003/12/12/51/Img216805148.jpg" border=0> 索白克那赫特的雕像 材料：玄武岩 尺寸：高45厘米 出土地点：法尤姆 　　在中王国时期，一些高级官吏获得了把自己的雕像立在神庙院子里的特权。他们希望死后也能参加神庙晨的宗教节日活动，特别是能够从献给众神的祭品中获得一点“残羹剩饭”。索白克那赫特的这尊雕像就是从位于法尤姆地区的一个神庙出土的。 　　索白克那赫特坐在低靠背的立方体座位上，双手放在膝上。他穿着一件长裙子，戴着又长又宽的假发，只有双耳未被遮盖住宅区。长裙的中间部分刻有一行象形文字，内容是一段祈祷，他请求奥西里斯和索白克给食物饮料。裙子的下端有一行平行的象形文字，写的是索白克那赫特的母亲名字。索白克那赫特座位的左边刻画着他的妻子，而座位的左边则画着他的母亲。 <IMG alt="" src="http://photo.sohu.com/2003/12/12/65/Img216806587.jpg" border=0> 索白克荷太普国王的雕像 材料:花岗岩 尺寸:高119厘米 年代:中王国 出土地点:出自卡纳克 　　索白克荷太普是古代埃及第13王朝的国王之一。这座雕像用石头这个永恒的材料表现国王坐在一张短背椅子，并且把双脚放在脚凳上的情景。国王穿着短裙，肌肉结实的双腿露在外面，手里握着象征王权的权杖和连枷，头戴象征上埃及的白色王冠。 　　国王的双脚踩在九张弓上，它们代表古埃及人想象中的传统的敌人。其中五张弓在他的右脚下，另外四张在左脚下。国王双腿的两侧有象形文字，它们记载着国王的名字和头衔。 <IMG alt="" src="http://photo.sohu.com/2003/12/12/65/Img216806520.jpg" border=0> 书记 眼睛的瞳孔和眼白用不同的宝石镶嵌而成 <IMG alt="" src="http://www.bickham.biz/Egyptian%20Musrum/images/Museum3.jpg" border=0> 那斯帕卡舒提的书吏雕像 材料:硬沙岩 尺寸:高80厘米 年代:王朝后期 出土地点:卡纳克 　　书吏是古代埃及最重要的职业之一。书吏负责对国家重要事物的处理并且监督寺庙的活动。从第4王朝到王朝后期，许多建造大型坟墓的官吏让工匠把他们雕塑成书吏的形象。 　　这尊雕像描绘的是第26王朝普萨美提克一世统治时期担任宰相职位的那斯帕卡舒提。他交叉着腿坐在一个垫子上，垫子上面刻写着他的名字和头衔。虽然他采取一个书吏姿态，他的拳头中紧拽着裙子的边缘，而且他的膝盖上没有纸卷。这位大臣戴着有条纹的宽大的假发，身穿腰部系着宽带的短裙。这一雕像表现了赛斯王朝时期艺术风格，这一时期的埃及人试图振兴先前时期的艺术传统。 <IMG alt="" src="http://photo.sohu.com/2003/12/12/62/Img216806237.jpg" border=0> 母亲给女儿梳头雕像 材料：石灰石 尺寸：高6.2厘米 出土地点：胡 　　从古代埃及淬下来许多父母关爱和照顾女儿的绘画和雕像。我们可以看见父亲将孩子放在自己的膝上，疼爱地牵着他的手。同样，母亲通过给孩子哺乳或给女儿梳头表达出对她的爱和关怀。父亲视孩子为掌上明珠，总是尽力好好去培育他们。 　　家是孩子们学习人类生活的第一课堂，这尊雕像里的母亲坐在地上，伸出腿让女儿坐在上面，给女儿梳理头发。母亲和女儿的头发都被涂以黑色。 <IMG alt="" src="http://photo.sohu.com/2003/12/12/61/Img216806107.jpg" border=0>

御前水手 · 发表于 2007-8-3 11:52

粗略地看了一下，太多的英文，看不懂

燕呢喃 · 发表于 2007-8-3 17:39

超帮的帖子，就是看不懂英文，谢谢姐姐，抱抱……

原上草露 · 发表于 2007-8-3 17:45

收藏~

御前水手 · 发表于 2007-8-3 19:02

交税~

乱发当风 · 发表于 2007-8-3 20:22

戒指上的圣甲虫真的会复活吗?

无心剑客 · 发表于 2007-8-3 22:30

埃及，神秘的国度很想去那里看看金字塔
淡月版主发贴辛苦，图片太多了，看不过来了～～～

明月梅花 · 发表于 2007-8-4 08:12

神秘的古埃及~~~~~
问好淡月
^-^

苑眉 · 发表于 2007-8-5 01:50

好喜欢埃及呢！喜欢里面的那个蛇戒！！

柏拉图 · 发表于 2007-8-6 23:09

古埃及,一个充满神秘色彩的国度
月月辛苦了
收藏

玉树随风舞 · 发表于 2007-8-8 13:02

第二幅．．．
汗．．．．

一池春水 · 发表于 2007-8-8 22:30

那些饰物,叫我如何不喜欢
谢谢淡月,真的好辛苦!

雨鹤寒梅 · 发表于 2007-8-10 17:48

欣赏中

淡月咏梅 · 发表于 2007-8-14 08:29

下面引用由御前水手在 2007/08/03 11:52 发表的内容：
粗略地看了一下，太多的英文，看不懂

我还有许多看不懂的中文呢～
:em06:

淡月咏梅 · 发表于 2007-8-14 08:30

下面引用由燕呢喃在 2007/08/03 17:39 发表的内容：
超帮的帖子，就是看不懂英文，谢谢姐姐，抱抱……

抱抱小燕子，开心
:em03:

淡月咏梅 · 发表于 2007-8-14 08:33

下面引用由原上草露在 2007/08/03 17:45 发表的内容：
收藏~

露露真是个好姑娘，谢谢～
:em02:

淡月咏梅 · 发表于 2007-8-14 08:41

下面引用由babylionfay在 2007/08/03 20:22 发表的内容：
戒指上的圣甲虫真的会复活吗?

我比较害怕昆虫之类的饰物。。 :em06:

淡月咏梅 · 发表于 2007-8-14 08:44

下面引用由无心剑客在 2007/08/03 22:30 发表的内容：
埃及，神秘的国度很想去那里看看金字塔
淡月版主发贴辛苦，图片太多了，看不过来了～～～

因为神秘所以向往。。
问好无心～
：）

淡月咏梅 · 发表于 2007-8-14 08:51

下面引用由明月梅花在 2007/08/04 08:12 发表的内容：
神秘的古埃及~~~~~
问好淡月
^-^

明月好～
好久没看见你了，想念。。
：）

淡月咏梅 · 发表于 2007-8-14 08:56

下面引用由苑眉在 2007/08/05 01:50 发表的内容：
好喜欢埃及呢！喜欢里面的那个蛇戒！！

谢谢苑眉欣赏～
经常看见苑眉活跃的身影，希望在这里玩的愉快～
：）

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